Please find below the correct answers to the 2018 Academy Seminars individual learning assessment questionnaire:

1. Is it always possible to solve the problem of drug shortages by just switching the supplier?
YES/NO

2. Will other suppliers of the same drug will be able to meet demand of market in case of drug shortages from other suppliers?
YES/NO

3. Is it necessary to involve other health-care professionals if drug shortages occur?
YES/NO

4. COST is the abbreviation for "cooperation in science and technology" and represents a platform enabling scientific and technological break-through, however without direct funding.
TRUE/FALSE

5. The main achievement of the COST Action CA 15105 on mediciens shortages was the agreement between manufacturers and hospital pharmacists on a common definition of the term "shortage" being an out-of-stock situation of life-saving medicines for more than three weeks.
TRUE/FALSE

6. One of the major shortcoming in the fight against shortages is the lack of sensibility and will to share responsibilities.
TRUE/FALSE

7. Should a patient-clinicalneedsassessment be considered whenchoosing a substutituteduring a medicine's shortage?
TRUE/FALSE

8. On what grounds is a critical medicine based when there is a medicine shortage?
• Therapeutic use
• The number of alternatives available
• The history of previous shortages
• All the above

9. What comes under assessment when the clinical risk of a shortage is assessed:
• The consequence(s) of a treatment delay
• Additional monitoring if an alternative is introduced
• Additional drug-drug interactions if an alternative is introduced
• Possible treatment onset after the alternative is introduced
• All the above

10. In a situation of a limited availability of health care services (including scarce supplies and a limited availability of medicines), does the inevitable rationing include all or only part of the following criteria (rules): ethical rules, rules of choice among individuals, rules of effect, procedural rules?
• Yes, all of them
• No, only part of them

11. On the level of the European Union, drug shortages have the following significant implications:
• only clinical implications
• clinical but also economic implications
• clinical, economic, as well as policy implications

12. Please, indicate to which opinion you are currently inclined:
• Predominantly, drug shortages are a problem of medical or pharmaceutical nature
• Drug shortages stem from societal choices on organizing markets, regulatory systems and health care services

13. Causal simulation models have been developed for only describing past behavior.
YES/NO

14. In simulation modelling, a stock is an accumulation of entities over time. A stock can only be changed by its respective flows.
YES/NO

15. The purpose of system dynamics simulation modelling is to understand and manage dynamic complexity.
YES/NO

16. Do drug shortages implement a financial risk for hospitals?
YES/NO

17. Can hospital pharmacy drug production solve drug shortages?
YES/NO

18. Do drug shortages create a high workload by looking for other supply chains?
YES/NO

19. An agreement between the Swiss Association of Hospital Pharmacists and the local pharma industry on provision of APIs in case of supply chain disruptions has contributed to a stabilisation of the number of medicines shortages.
TRUE/FALSE

20. An agreement between the Swiss Federal Office for National Economic and the local pharma industry on compulsory stocks of life-saving medicines has contributed to bridging gaps in case of medicines shortages.
TRUE/FALSE

21. Hospital Pharmacy manufacturing is an important shortages-coping strategy from a point of view of public health and regulation authorities.
TRUE/FALSE

22. Does prospective risk assessment in medicine shortages facilitate risk prioritisation before control measures are put into place?
TRUE/FALSE

23. Healthcare failure mode and effect analysis (HFMEA) consists of what?
• Forming a multidsciplinary team
• Defining the topic of analysis
• Graphically describing the process
• Conducting a hazard analysis
• Proposingactions to be taken
• All the above

24. What is possible through the implementation of HFMEA?
• Detect weaknesses in a selected process
• Determinecauses
• Decribe the possible effects of each cause
• All the above